Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed β-(1→4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (acetylated unit).
Chitosan, sometimes known as deacetylated chitin, is a natural polycationic linear polysaccharide derived from partial deacetylation of chitin. Chitin is the structural element in the exoskeleton of insects, crustaceans (mainly shrimps and crabs) and cell walls of fungi (mushroom, aspergillus niger), and the second most abundant natural polysaccharide after cellulose.
Chitosan is recognized as versatile biomaterials and a well-known organic polymer with well-documented characterization, including extended non-toxicity, low allergenicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability, being classified by the US Food and Drug Administration as a "generally recognized as safe" (Casettari and Illum, 2014) substance.
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