Seed treatment Thiamethoxam 350g/L+ Thiabendazole 150g/L + Fludioxonil 25g/L+ Metalaxyl-M 20g/L FS

Agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, affecting the synapses in the insect central nervous system.

Mode of action

Insecticide with contact, stomach and systemic activity. Rapidly taken up into the plant and transported acropetally in the xylem.

Uses

For control of aphids, whiteflies, thrips, ricehoppers, ricebugs, mealybugs, white grubs, Colorado potato beetle, flea beetles, wireworms, ground beetles, leaf miners and some lepidopterous species, at application rates from 10 to 200 g/ha (R. Senn et al., loc. cit.). Major crops for foliar and soil treatments are cole crops, leafy and fruity vegetables, potatoes, rice, cotton, deciduous fruit, coffee, citrus, tobacco and soya beans; for seed treatment use, maize, sorghum, cereals, sugar beet, oilseed rape, cotton, peas, beans, sunflowers, rice and potatoes. Also for control of flies (such as Musca domestica, Fannia canicularis and Drosophila spp.) in animal and public health.

Biochemistry

Inhibits mitosis by binding to tubulin and thus severely impairs fungal growth and development.

Mode of action

Systemic fungicide with protective and curative action. Thiabendazole forms a protective deposit on the treated surface of fruit and tubers.

Uses

As a mainly post-harvest fungicide for the control of Aspergillus, Botrytis, Ceratocystis, Cercospora, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Corticium, Diaporthe, Diplodia, Fusarium, Gibberella, Gloeosporium, Oospora, Penicillium, Phoma, Podosphaera leucotricha, Rhizoctonia, sclerotinia, Septoria, Thielaviopsis, Venturia inaequalis, Verticillium spp., etc., in avocados (at 2 g/l), bananas (0.2-0.4 g/l), chicory, citrus fruit (2.2 g/l), mangoes (2 g/l), mushrooms, ornamentals, pome fruit (1.1 g/l) and potatoes (30 g/ton). Also used for seed treatment and stem injection application.

Biochemistry

Inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase, in osmotic signal transduction.

Mode of action

Non-systemic fungicide with long residual activity. Uptake into the plant tissues and curative properties are generally limited. Inhibits mainly the germination of conidia and, to a lesser extent, the germ tube and mycelial growth.

Uses

As a seed treatment, for control of Fusarium, Microdochium, Rhizoctonia, Tilletia, Pyrenophora and Septoria spp., in both cereal and non-cereal crops, at 2.5-10 g/100 kg. As a foliar fungicide, for control of Botrytis, Monilinia, sclerotinia, and Alternaria spp., in grapes, stone fruit, berry crops, vegetables and ornamentals, at 250-500 g/ha; also on turf, against Fusarium, Helminthosporium, Rhizoctonia, sclerotinia and Typhula, at 400-800 g/ha. Also as a post-harvest treatment on stone fruit, pome fruit, citrus and kiwi, at 30-60 g/hl, against Botrytis, Monilinia and Penicillium spp.

Biochemistry

Inhibits protein synthesis in fungi, by interference with the synthesis of ribosomal RNA. The (R)- (metalaxyl-M) and (S)- isomers have the same mode of action, but differ in biological activity.

Mode of action

Systemic fungicide with protective and curative action, taken up by leaves, stems and roots.

Uses

To control diseases caused by air- and soil-borne Peronosporales on a wide range of temperate, subtropical and tropical crops. Foliar sprays with mixtures of metalaxyl-M and protectant fungicides are recommended to control air-borne diseases caused by Pseudoperonospora humuli on hops, Phytophthora infestans on potatoes and tomatoes, Peronospora tabacina on tobacco, Plasmopara viticola on vines, downy mildews of vegetables, and Bremia lactucae on lettuce, at 100-140 g metalaxyl-M/ha. Soil applications of metalaxyl-M alone are used to control soil-borne pathogens causing root and lower stem rots on avocado and citrus, Phytophthora nicotianae on tobacco, Phytophthora spp. on peppers, and Pythium spp. on many different crops, including ornamentals, at 250-1000 g/ha. Seed treatments control systemic Peronosporaceae on maize, peas, sorghum and sunflowers, at 35-300 g/100 kg seed, as well as Damping-off (Pythium spp.) of various crops, at 8.25-17.5 g/100 kg seed.