| Product name | Quinclorac | Biochemistry | Synthetic auxin (acting like indolylacetic acid); also inhibitor of cell wall (cellulose) biosynthesis. | Mode of action | Rapidly absorbed through the foliage. Weak auxin activity as determined in wheat coleoptile elongation test, cucumber root elongation test, cucumber curvature test and ethylene biosynthesis test in soya beans. No influence on Hill reaction. Plant response is similar to IAA or auxin-type herbicides of the class of benzoic acids and pyridine compounds. | Uses | Pre- and post-emergence control of grass weeds (Echinochloa spp., Aeschynomene spp., Sesbania spp.) and other weeds in direct-seeded and transplanted rice, at 0.25-0.75 kg/ha. | Phytotoxicity | Non-phytotoxic to transplanted and direct-seeded rice. Under continuous irrigation conditions, injury may occur in adjacent umbelliferous crops if connected to the same waterway. | Compatibility | Good combination partner for all rice herbicides which are insufficiently effective against Echinochloa. |
| Product name | Cyhalofop-Butyl | Biochemistry | Fatty acid synthesis inhibitor, by inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase). Selectivity between susceptible grasses and dicotyledonous plants is attributed to the forms of ACCase present and their compartmentalisation within plant cells. Susceptible grasses contain the susceptible eukaryotic form of ACCase; dicotyledonous plants contain both susceptible eukaryotic and herbicide-resistant prokaryotic forms of ACCase, rendering them resistant to cyhalofop-butyl. Rice tolerance to cyhalofop-butyl is due to rapid metabolism to the herbicidally inactive diacid (DT50 <10 h), whereas susceptible grasses metabolise cyhalofop-butyl to the herbicidally active monoacid. | Mode of action | Post-emergence herbicide with foliar uptake only and no soil activity. A systemic herbicide that is readily absorbed by plant tissue, is moderately phloem-mobile and accumulates in meristematic regions. Grass weeds cease growth immediately after treatment, with yellow patches appearing within 2-3 days to one week, leading to necrosis and death of the whole plant within 2 to 3 weeks. | Uses | For post-emergence control of grass weeds in rice. Applied at 75-100 g/ha in tropical rice and 180-310 g/ha in temperate rice. | Phytotoxicity | Rice is completely tolerant to cyhalofop-butyl, due to rapid metabolism to the inactive diacid. | Compatibility | Not compatible with most broad-leaved and sedge auxin and ALS herbicide products. |
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